21CS637-Advanced-Networks

Blockchain for the Internet of Vehicles

Motivation and Need

Internet-of-Vehicles (IoV) considered to be the evolution of Vehicular AdHoc Network (VANET) connects Vehicles (V) to Everything (X) around it. Everything could include vehicles, sensors, pedestrians, mobile devices, and the Internet with advanced communication and networking technologies, with main focus and aim to enhance road safety, improve road traffic management, and support immerse user experience. With the increased complexity of the vehicles architecture and the modern road infrastructures along with other IoV devices and high vehicle mobility pose has a huge challenge.

V2V ⇒ Vehicle to Vehicle
V2I ⇒ Vehicle to Infrastructure
V2P ⇒ Vehicle to Pedestrian
V2N ⇒ Vehicle to Network
V2D ⇒ Vehicle to Device
V2G ⇒ Vehicle to Grid
V2C ⇒ Vehicle to Cloud

Introduction

Literature Survey and Current Status

Akram Hakiri et.al proposed a novel blockchain-based architecture that leverages SDN and NFV for securing IoT transactions. The paper proposed two important aspects, Security appliance is introduced in form of Virtualized Network Function for improving the scalability and performance of IoT networks; a novel consensus algorithm to mitigate malicious traffic by detection and reporting suspected IoT/IoV nodes. The work also considers the expected grwoth of 5G network which shall allow low-power massive IoT devices to produce high volumes of data that can be transmitted over ultra-reliable, low-latency wireless communication services.

Ecosystem </img>

Fig. 1 - IoV Ecosystem [2]

Software Architecture </img>

Fig. 2 - IoV Ecosystem [5]

Discussions

Future Scope and Research Gaps

Outcome of this Study

References

[1] Ramaguru R., Sindhu M., Sethumadhavan M. (2019) Blockchain for the Internet of Vehicles. In: Singh M., Gupta P., Tyagi V., Flusser J., Ören T., Kashyap R. (eds) Advances in Computing and Data Sciences. ICACDS 2019. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1045. Springer, Singapore. [https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9939-837](https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9939-8_37)

[2] W. Zhuang, Q. Ye, F. Lyu, N. Cheng and J. Ren, “SDN/NFV-Empowered Future IoV With Enhanced Communication, Computing, and Caching,” in _Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 108, no. 2, pp. 274-291, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2019.2951169.

[3] Akram Hakiri and Behnam Dezfouli. 2021.** Towards a Blockchain-SDN Architecture for Secure and Trustworthy 5G Massive IoT Networks. ** In Proceedings of the 2021 ACM International Workshop on Software Defined Networks & Network Function Virtualization Security (SDN-NFV Sec’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3445968.3452090

[4] Abbas, M.T., Muhammad, A. & Song, WC. SD-IoV: SDN enabled routing for internet of vehicles in road-aware approach. J Ambient Intell Human Comput 11, 1265–1280 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-019-01319-w

[5] Thinkpalm. **How Can The Automotive Industry Leverage Internet of Vehicles (IoV) to Build Next Gen Connected Cars. ** https://thinkpalm.com/blogs/internet-of-vehicles-iov-to-build-next-gen-connected-cars/